The Effect of Common Household Drugs on Circulatory Function free essay sample

An analysis was directed to watch the effects of family medicates on throb rate. Since throb rate is such a basic physiological framework it will be simpler to watch a change. Lumbriculus variegatus (blackworms) were utilized to see there throb rate. Blackworms were utilized do to nonattendance of a respiratory framework; they additionally depend on dispersion for gas trade. Blackworms don’t show some kindness there vessels are what moves the blood back in forward. Each open and shutting is a heartbeat. In the initial segment of the examination grouping of medications were utilized (caffeine and nicotine). The nicotine and caffeine arrangement will have an effect on throb rate. Since it is as of now known to have other physiological effects. The elective theory is that the arrangements will have no effect on throb rate. The arrangements had no effect on throb rate as a result of the negative change in pace of beats every moment (table 1. We will compose a custom exposition test on The Effect of Common Household Drugs on Circulatory Function or then again any comparative point explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page 1). The elective speculation is upheld by the information found in the test. Anyway there is a blunder because of the example size isn't sufficiently huge to apply to the number of inhabitants in blackworms. In general there were no noteworthy in the progressions of throb rates that would presume that the medications had an effect. As found partially one of the trial it was reasoned that comparable outcome would be found. The concentrate will have no genuine huge effect on the blackworms throb rate.

Human Ethics for the Human Ethics Committee

Question: Portray about the Human Ethics for the Human Ethics Committee ? Answer: Presentation About La Trobe University The La Trobe University is arranged in Victoria, Melbourne, Australia. It has a halfway worked unit known as the University Human Ethics Committee (UHEC) which is built up according to the prerequisites surrounded by the National Statement (Rocchi, 2013). The individuals comprise of least one individual from the underneath referenced classes: an accomplished director, a specialist, a clergyman of religion, a lawful delegate, at any rate two network agents and least two individuals with the information on ebb and flow inquire about (Tsang, 2015). Other than these, there happen to be five Faculty Human Ethics Committees (FHECs). They are fundamentally the advisory groups under the UHEC. The FHECs screen their separate issues except if they are to be submitted to the parent body UHEC. The FHEC incorporates individuals from each control from the morals audits cases may emerge (Gasper, 2013). The moral foundation Each communication by individuals, even those collaborations which are portions of human research process comprises of moral angles. However, the moral direct isn't simply doing the right thing. It envelops numerous parts of our life like acting in the correct soul (Arkin et al. 2015). It likewise incorporates concerning demeanor for the kindred people. Morals is additionally about demonstrating the due regard to the individuals around us. The National Statement on the moral lead in human research manages something which in not simply the moral rights and wrongs. It is progressively central in nature. The people occupied with human research ought to be impacted by the moral rules in each human research work they lead. Human research covers a wide idea. Basically it intends to lead look into with or for the individuals. It might likewise incorporate an examination chip away at their information and tissue. (Sugarman, 2012). It is finished with the end goal of doing great for mankind w hen all is said in done. In any case, in the past we go over specific models where human research has neglected to lead its works morally and it abused the essential standards of moral human research. As, during the Second World War, a couple of investigations were carried on in the fixation and confinement camps. After the Second World War, the situation started to change gradually. The judgment made at the well known Nuremberg military court proposed ten perspectives about the analyses which are clinical in nature that should have been made passable. This came to be known as the Nuremberg Code (Manroop, 2015). Remembering these rules the World Medical Assembly was framed in 1964. It embraced what is today known as the Helsinki Declaration. Qualities and standards of moral direct Philanthropic research is directed on a ground where a relationship exists between the specialists and the examination members. There are sure standards which try to keep up a sound connection between the analysts and the members. There are sure qualities and standards which should be remembered while directing such research works (Wassenaar et al. 2015). These are: an) A feeling of regard for human members b) Merit and uprightness of the exploration c) The overarching equity idea d) The idea of Beneficence These look to fabricate common trust, obligation and balance of morals. That is the reason the National Statement alludes to the individuals as members and not subjects (Sparrow, 2013). These qualities are of exceptionally old cause. Anyway they are by all account not the only ones. The others involve selflessness, commitment to objectives of society and network and regarding the decent variety of culture. These qualities are portrayed in subtleties in the content Values and Ethics: Guidelines for Ethical Conduct in Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Health Research (NHMRC 2003). The above qualities have anyway gotten significant as for moral human research throughout the previous sixty years. They help us to give a fundamental system to the planning, observing and legitimate leading of the moral research works. The essential incentive out of these is that of regard (DeWitte, 2015). It shows that each individual has his own arrangement of qualities and these qualities will be util ized during each association with others. The request where they are viewed as shows the request wherein different moral issues generally emerge in course of human research. Research legitimacy and uprightness are talked about with need. Except if the proposed look into has any legitimacy included and the scientists who are directing the examination have respectability, one can't morally legitimize the contribution of the human members (Meneilly et al. 2015). Equity alludes to the similarity of the human members that they share with one another. The primary focal point of each human research work is to make something advantageous for the humankind which is accomplished by reasonable methods without being unreasonably dispersed and without the inclusion of any out of line troubles. The specialists utilize the value in different habits, while registering and representing the dangers of malignance and the potential advantages of the examination attempts to the members and to the remain der of the network moreover. They additionally attempt to stay touchy to the prosperity of the people engaged with the exploration work (DeWitte, 2015). The target of the exploration work The La Trobe University needs to direct an exploration on the accompanying subject: The point is to lead inquire about work on the populace comprising of teenagers and youthful grown-up patients with Type 1 Diabetes. It has been seen that in present day times, the participation of the youthful young people in diabetes centers have not been sufficient. So as to get a decent consideration and have a superior existence, the youthful grown-ups, young people and the youngsters with T1D should visit the centers normally for legitimate consideration and medicine (Ethicist, 2015). The primary point is to decide the current participation situation in the diabetes facilities for the youthful teenagers and grown-ups. The planned research work incorporates the accompanying zones of core interest: Determining the present human services situation for the Type 1 Diabetes. To create and actualize a proficient change program for the teenagers to the youthful grown-ups Type 1 Diabetes. To structure a program that will expand the participation of the youthful and grown-up Type 1 Diabetes patients in the human services suppliers. Populace and test size determination The populace will be chosen from that specific age band of 18-30 years with Type 1 Diabetes. For this examination, the analyst has chosen the basic likelihood arbitrary testing technique. Scientist will utilize both the on the web and disconnected meeting process for this specific contextual analysis. The members will be posed a few inquiries identifying with the treatment quality and the need to change from pediatric to grown-up social insurance in Type 1 Diabetes. The example size will be 150 individuals. This is done on the grounds that it is put stock in any exploration work that what remains constant for the example, can be understood to hold useful for the remainder of the populace too. (Morar, 2014). Information assortment process The college is going to direct the exploration on patients with Type 1 Diabetes, subsequent to getting endorsement from the La Trobe University Ethics Committee (Tirosh, 2013). For information understanding, the scientist will utilize the engaging strategy for information examination and assortment. Semi-organized meetings will be directed in this specific investigation. The techniques for factual segment data will be utilized by the scientist. Field notes will likewise be utilized. The analyst won't pose any close to home inquiries which can hurt the patients inwardly. The replication of rationale will be kept up by posing comparable inquiries to all the members. Information stockpiling The surveys will be put away in delicate duplicate likewise inside the arrangement of the college, with the goal that the information assortment doesn't go futile if the printed versions of the polls are pulverized or lost in some way or another. This is done to guarantee that the exploration work isn't hampered at any stage. The information will be put away on frameworks having high level of security, which will forestall any sort of information hacking or information stockpiling (Sexton, 2014). Information investigation strategy The investigation of the gathered information will be finished utilizing the quantitative information examination strategies. There will likewise be exceptionally qualified and prepared experts who will manage such information. The other programming like Microsoft Excel will likewise be utilized at whatever point required (Posner, 2013). Tending to the moral issues. The issues of moral lead are to be tended to. It ought to be called attention to by the college plainly to the Ethics Committee that not the slightest bit the venture is going to hurt the members. The whole procedure ought to be logical and will include an ethical technique. In the event that at any second the board finds that the exploration has malevolent aims for the general population, at that point they won't support the undertaking under any conditions (Tsang et al. 2015). The examining panel ought to have clear and straightforward procedure arranged arranging as a top priority, with the goal that they can fulfill the morals council about the practicality of such an examination work. The council can't endorse of something which may be an inconvenience to the general public. Along these lines, it is of most extreme significance that the scientists chalk out a reasonable and advantageous venture plan which is finished with the goal of making something useful for the general publi c (Jones, 2015). Appraisal of study dangers and proportions of relief The college must be effective in demonstrating to the moral advisory group about the human government assistance part of the venture. In such an immense procedure of research work, it may well happen that a mishap may occur during the procedure of the venture. A lot of dangers are related with any undertaking work (Silaigwana et al. 2015). There ought to be estimation of the plausible dangers engaged with the procedure of the examination. This perspective can't be

E-Business Systems Report

Question: As a gathering you have to pick and propose e-business of your decision, affirmed by your nearby instructor (or course facilitator for separation understudies). So please talk about your proposition with you instructor ahead of time. This gathering task identifies with your comprehension of the mechanical foundation and utilitarian necessities of a little to fair size e-business and to permit you to show your capacity to investigate, examine, combine and assess, and determine the prerequisites of a proposed online business site in a report. You are required to use in any event 12 sources including 6 scholarly to compose a top notch report. It is normal that you will exhibit your learning, coordination and consolidation of the information that you have gained during this course to create a top notch e-business report. Answer: 1. Presentation 1.1 Introduction All the web based business are not same according to their general business point of view. There are such huge numbers of kinds of business are available in the E-business industry and every one of them follows a particular approach to maintain their business over hardware medium. In this venture of Ecommerce Website usage is done over a cloud stage. To accomplish the usefulness Joomla content administration framework incorporated alongside the cloud administrations. Utilizing of substance the board framework over a cloud space to accomplish the E-business framework usefulness give a progressive sending wizard of web advancement. The fundamental direction of this undertaking is to make an E-business module over a cloud. 1.2 Aim of the proposed E-Business Solution The major goal or focus of this envision to a circuit a substance organization system over a cloud stage and utilize this joint exertion as an online business stage for the proposed webpage ishoper. Another target which is similarly associated with a similar venture is to make a social medium between the proposed webpage and internet organizing so they can grow their business improvement. For new time web orchestrated business affiliation, it is essential to make a movement over the web based systems administration for making self-character of their affiliation. For achieving the fundamental objective of a productive online business affiliation, it is critical to order the second option of social joining. 1.3 Objective of the proposed E-business Solution As a web based business webpage, obviously there is a vast open entryway for their intentional business exposure, yet there is also some requirement which is associated with the business joining which can have a tremendous effect on development mix. A portion of these take after business to the customer relationship, Loyalty organization program, etc. Internet business affiliation ishoper Is a business affiliation which serves their customer from a remote zone, so it is indispensable to keep up their association standard as industry principles and headings. 1.4 Report and its Limitation The basic objective of this report caused an overview of the proposed site and separated their specific limit so the customer of the site to can perceive the convenience of Ishoper site. Regardless, this documentation has some limitation over the depiction of the site. There such countless things which are executed on Ishoper Website like sections and modules are hard to depict on a paper report. The sensible work which is done as a result of setup and improvement of the site isn't similarly prepared to recording in a careful chief considering the way that sensible work is totally startling from a speculative work. In the theoretical approach of progress intelligibly there is no issue associated with the assignment execution anyway in certified headway, there are such an assortment of issues are appears in the midst of the progression of the endeavor. 2. Foundation E-Business Proposal The chose E-business depends on internet shopping and it will concentrate on selling the shoes. The shoes sold will be in a wide range of from. This idea depends on the shoes store giving access to a great deal of people groups from a worldwide scale. The shoes will be conveyed through the dispatch administration. E-Business Strategies The entire endeavor relies upon the improvement of an internet business application on a cloud structure. As a progression of a site on a cloud stage the basic cloud, joining ought to be PASS or stage as an organization yet using of cloudaccess as an encouraging provider it will wind up being a less requesting endeavor. Cloudaccess encouraging provider in Joomla blend over each encouraging selection, so the limit of this Cloud base goes about as SAAS or programming as an organization. 3. Conversation 3.1 Proposed E-plan of action An e-exchange model is a gathered methodology which is structures by uniting four key approaches to manage business utilization. These are recorded underneath The idea of E-business Policy: This property of the business is used to portray the norm and approach to manage the business mix. In a short depiction, it very well may be said that the E-business thought is a standard which takes after business destinations and objective to keep up the general piece of an affiliation. In the improvement of proposed site Ishoper adopts after Business to clients strategy. Offer factor: Value suggestion variable deals with the critical organizations of ishoper site which are served for the site customers. A bit of the quality suggestion variable which makes a prompt impact in customer's mind are cost reasonability, fastest transport, and versatile bring system back. Income administrations: It is a noteworthy piece of any relationship for social event money from different sources. Each wellspring of compensation is totally related to association asset organization. As a web based business website, Ishoper has particular opportunities to pick up salary from different sources. Some the sources take after a business, automated participation, etc. Venture Activities: The last reasonable unit of web based business which in an indirect manner related with web based business structure is business works out. Strategic approaches are recovered the market presentation in clear events. Constrained time events, Sales are the notable practices for online business claim to fame unit. 3.2 Proposed E-Business Marketing Item Online shoe selling is another idea for a business association. Shows are utilize standard premise. Prior to purchasing a shoe, people groups like to survey the item value, shading quality and different things. These all are accessible in web based shopping site. Guests can look at the shoes value, shading, quality and furthermore can check the audits. Anybody can get to this site by means of web from all over and whenever. Hence, it is productive for the e-store shoes. This will assist with drawing in countless shoe darlings. Evaluating The shoppers are pulled in to the idea of low valuing. The idea is acceptable quality item in extremely low cost. It is noticed that the clients favor low costs on items and even take a risk on making the buy if the cost appears to be doable. The estimating system utilized will be founded on giving the most reduced costs in the online business showcase for selling diverse kind of shoes. As indicated by numerous analyst, the low value technique acquire client and furthermore its move the clients to make more buy. This valuing technique will help in continuing the business. Accordingly, the showcasing of the site will be finished utilizing web based publicizing, advanced through web based life systems and the valuing procedure received will be a low estimating methodology. Advancement E-Marketing is a decided sort of E-business where contraptions business stage uses to achieve associations publicizing approach. E-advancing masterminds the exhibiting practices over the single stage to complete their business objectives. There are a couple of central purposes of E-publicizing present in the field of online business presentation. E-publicizing makes an edge in association displaying objective which is performed through an electronic medium. E-publicizing decreases the general cost of advancing technique by utilizing remarkable vehicle age instruments. The snappier response to the client request, and ordinary information gathering are the valuable good situation of E-advancing system. It in like manner extended the degree of correspondence among shopper and business affiliation. Spot There is a genuine addition in the amount of people who have ended up being expressively open about web shopping and the numbers have been extending the world over. It was also seen that the top retail locations are online stores and have been bringing a comprehension into the profitability of working up online stores and coordinating on the web business. As such, the establishment is on the web and the affirmation that the web is a by and large visited stage has helped in enduring customers on the web. Moreover, it is coordinating the business through the web. 3.3 Proposed E-Business Infrastructure An e-business base relies upon web organizations which are found out to give undeniable organizations to the various space of Ecommerce application. Basically Infrastructure for an internet business application is to give the resource for hardware and programming headways. In this foresee of web based business website improvement, there are an over the top number of programming and hardware organizations used to energize the webpage convenience. Equipment and programming necessities Every item application needs a gear arrangement to pass on their entire helpfulness which is moreover fitting for this web based business website. In any case, this site a consolidated cloud stage for its association so overseer need not worry over any gear requirements. All the essential will be maintained by the encouraging organization provider. The crucial need summary of this improvement acc

Overcoat Symbolism in The Namesake - Literature Essay Samples

Jhumpa Lahiri’s The Namesake is a story that is parallel to Nikolai Gogol’s short story The Overcoat. Gogol’s work is commended and mentioned countless times by Lahiri in her writing. The Overcoat is about a man named Akaky Akakievich, who, at first, is content with his life then begins to question his identity. In an attempt to better himself, he replaces his old overcoat with a freshly-tailored one, and everyone envies it. At the instant his overcoat is robbed from him, not one person lent him a helping hand. In The Namesake, an overcoat is one’s identity, a burden that everyone possesses, and it can reveal or conceal a character’s true colours. Each name is an overcoat. Gogol Ganguli, the main protagonist, was named after Nikolai Gogol, the author of the story that saved his father’s life in a massive train wreck. â€Å"With a slight quiver of recognition, as if he’d known it all along, the perfect pet name for his son occurs to Ashoke†¦ ‘Gogol,’ he repeats, satisfied† (Lahiri, 28). This name â€Å"was the first thing his father had given him† (Lahiri, 289) and it was presented with a purpose. It so happens that Gogol’s life bares resemblance to Akaky’s. For instance, Akaky discovers that his shame is possibly the result of having an ugly overcoat, just as Gogol finds shame in being Gogol. â€Å"He thought that the sin might perhaps lie with the overcoat† (Gogol, 400). When Akaky wears he his overcoat, Akaky suddenly changes, becoming the complete opposite of himself. During the party, he â€Å"dined cheerfully and wrote nothing after dinner†¦Ã¢â‚¬  ( Gogol, 410). This is similar to how Gogol transforms when he changes his name to Nikhil. â€Å"But now that hes Nikhil its easier to ignore his parents, to tune out their concerns and pleas†¦ It is as Nikhil, that first semester, that he grows a goatee, starts smoking Camel Lights at parties†¦, gets himself a fake ID that allows him to be served liquor†¦, loses his virginity†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Namesake, 105). By wearing Nikhil, Gogol becomes the version of himself that he found the most happiness in. In the process, a new character was revealed along with his traits, personality, niches and tendencies. An overcoat can reveal a character. In the novel, Gogol is involved in a love affair with Maxine Ratliff. The name Maxine means â€Å"the greatest, maximum.† She represents the epiphany of American women: smart, sophisticated, and sexually uninhibited. Her outgoing personality and openness to Gogol appealed to him and made her seem as though she was perfect for him, hence being the greatest. â€Å"He is curious about her, attracted, flattered by the boldness of her pursuit† (Lahiri, 130). The closer Gogol is with her, the more naked she becomes to him. It is the way she accepts herself that makes her unique and different from Gogol. â€Å"She has the gift of accepting her life; as he comes to know her, he realizes that she has never wished she were anyone other than herself, raised in any other place, in any other way. This, in his opinion, is the biggest difference between them, a thing far more foreign to him than the beautiful house shed grown up in, her education a t private schools† (Lahiri, 138). Just as an overcoat can expose everything about a character, it is able to do the complete opposite. An overcoat can also conceal a character. Moushumi means â€Å"A damp southwesterly breeze† (Lahiri, 240). A breeze comes and goes, like Moushumi’s past and present. When Gogol had first seen her at pujos when they were teenagers, she was a quiet character and always had her nose in a book. At the time when they formally met, at the insistence of their parents, she was striking and bold, a significant shift in personalities. â€Å"She was exactly the same person, looked and behaved the same way, and yet suddenly, in that new city, she was transformed into the kind of girl she had once envied, had believed she would never become.† (Lahiri 215). The breeze is also a symbol of the coming and going of men in her life. â€Å"She allowed the men to buy her drinks, dinners, later to take her in taxis to their apartments†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Lahiri, 215). Unfortunately, Gogol became a victim of Moushumi’s breeze when Moushumi decided to have an extramarital affair with her high school pen pal. Everything is a just a â€Å"breeze† for Moushumi, a happy-go-lucky soul that slyly wanders from place to place and person to person. Her overcoat concealed her from the ones she cared about, especially Gogol. She needs her overcoat, but it is a hindrance that doesn’t seem to change. Overcoats are necessary, but can become a burden. In the novel, the main protagonist goes back and forth with becoming Gogol and Nikhil. At first, he is comfortable in his own overcoat on the first day of kindergarten, then he begins to† save up money† for a new overcoat as the story progresses. It is when he becomes old enough that he replaces his former overcoat. Gogol’s name change symbolizes his transition into adulthood as he deserts the childhood ties that come with his daknam. Nikhil was Gogol’s new overcoat. Nikhil means â€Å"he who is entire, encompassing all†, something that Gogol thought he was after he had his name legally changed. â€Å"He wonders if this is how it feels for an obese person to become thin, for a prisoner to walk free† (Lahiri, 102). The Gogol overcoat became a burden to him because it prevented him matching his expectations and from becoming the version of himself that he envied. â€Å"He hates that his name is b oth absurd and obscure, that it has nothing to do with who he is, that it is neither Indian nor American but of all things Russian. He hates having to live with it, with a pet name turned good name, day after day, second after second† (Lahiri, 76). On the other hand, Nikhil was a burden to his family. As he gets closer with Maxine and mainstream American culture, Gogol strays farther his family. When Ashoke dies, he carries the guilt that comes with being so distant from his family. It was then that he decides to accept Gogol back into his life, but on his own terms. â€Å"Nikhil will live on, publicly celebrated, unlike Gogol, purposely hidden, legally diminished, now all but lost† (Lahiri, 290). He still chooses to conceal Gogol despite accepting him. An overcoat can either define a person or a person can define it. Everyone has an overcoat. Everyone needs an overcoat. It’s defined by one’s name, culture, upbringing, accidents, losses, relationships. All that transpired in Gogol’s life had a purpose, that it was not in vain. He was destined to find The Overcoat in his room. He was destined to be a child of Bengali immigrants, to live in America, to become an architect, to find love countless times and fail as many times, to live when his father ceased to. He was destined to become Nikhil only to become Gogol again, but he had to choose to accept himself on his own terms, as the other character’s did, choosing to hide behind their overcoats or become proud of it. Regardless, â€Å"We all came out of Gogol’s overcoat† (Lahiri, 78).

Cosmology Science Vs Religion Essay - 822 Words

In the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, Christian belief encountered significant opposition. Until then, most of the world shared the belief of the â€Å"Medieval world view† that not only was the earth positioned at the center of the universe, but that God was all knowing, all powerful and all good. God was thought to have created and sustained the wondrous workings of the universe. This belief told the people all they needed to know about the meaning and purpose of life. Then, scientific discovery and methods began to undermine religious beliefs. Scientists began to reveal that natural laws and natural forces governed the world. Opposing beliefs, e.g. the Marxism belief, criticized Christian views. People like, Bacon, Copernicus, Kepler,†¦show more content†¦Although science explains much about life and the universe, some people choose to believe religion. One major reason for the contrast in views is the difference of interpretations of the Bible. Extreme Christians take the story of Genesis purely literally and believe God created the world in six days, leaving no room for the arguments of science. Others still believe in the story of Genesis but that instead of six days, six periods of time. Others, however, completely reject Christianity. Despite claims that scientific discovery and methods have never really ‘challenged’ Christian belief, I personally feel that Christians have responded well to any attacks. Some Christians firmly believe that the universe has arisen completely through a miraculous act of God and completely reject scientific theories. This is called ‘creationism’. Another attack on scientific arguments is the ‘First Cause’ theory introduced by Thomas Aquinas. Aquinas once quoted that â€Å"the universe couldn’t have simply sprung from nothing†; therefore, one is forced to reach the conclusion that it is caused to exist by something. The ‘big bang’ is not accepted, as this is not answering what caused this to happen. After a series of questioning, most reach the conclusion of God. The Anthropic Principle is a prime example ofShow MoreRelated Creationism vs. Evolution Essays1663 Words   |  7 PagesCreationism vs. Evolution This paper will focus on the huge controversy between Creationism and Evolution. I will provide two opposing viewpoints on this subject. First, the discussion will focus on the question of why many people believe that God created the universe and all living things. On the other end of the spectrum, scientific information will be presented that substantiates the evidence against the existence of God. This creationism counter-argument known as evolution has itsRead MoreModern Science Over The Course Of The Year1502 Words   |  7 PagesWe have been reviewing modern science over the course of the year. But trying to compare and contrast the transition between modern and contemporary. 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Yet, after all this energy has been expanded, much of what we know is still only speculation. We have however, come a long way from the mystical beginnings of the study of cosmology and the origins of the universe. The theories I have heard about how life on earth began are interesting but the on e that makes the most sense to me is Creationism. There are numerous theories that mankind has come to believe how life began onRead MoreThe Heliocentric Theory vs. The Catholic Church Essay2163 Words   |  9 PagesThe Heliocentric Theory vs. The Catholic Church We view the world today as the Earth and planets revolving around the Sun. Naturally, this always wasnt the case. Aristotle created a model in which since God created the Earth and man, therefore everything should revolve around us, creating a geocentric model of the known universe. This model was widely accepted by the people, as well as the Church, since the theory was God-centered. It wasnt until

Hiv And The World Health Organization - 2239 Words

First reported incidences of HIV were established in rural geographic areas prior to 1955 (Lemey et al., 2003). The virus then managed to quickly spread amongst larger populations resulting in a shift from an uncommon infection to a highly prevalent disease throughout 1955 to 1970. After the original outbreak, in 1994, further information regarding the infection was mandated to be reported to the Centers of Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) from 25 different states using a structured confidentiality report system (Prejean et al., 2011). With this provided system, the Global Programme on AIDS and the World Health Organization (1995) later concluded a total of 10,000 new cases develop each day. The CDC (2015) describes HIV as an infection†¦show more content†¦In contrast, the number of individuals infected with HIV within the U.S. as of 2014 totaled to an estimated 1.2 million people (CDC, 2015). Out of these people, 14% were not aware they had been infected with the virus with one in every seven individuals conveyed as not knowing they were infected. As these acquired values were related to the data collected within the U.S. on a global scale, it was concluded that a total of 19 million individuals were unaware of their HIV status when compared to the 35 million people infected worldwide. From the time of incident reporting, the CDC has kept the epidemic of HIV infection under high surveillance (Prejean et al., 2011). As they additionally state, this has permitted researchers to gather further information relating to the many ways in which HIV infection can be impacted by gender, race, behavior, ethnicity, socioeconomic status, and so forth. In the efforts of bec oming familiarized with the trends HIV incidence produces, Hall et al., (2008) stated preventative measures can be identified and implemented towards the decrease in total HIV prevalence. When taking the number of infection occurrences into account, factors relating to identifying the causes of HIV incidences must be managed in order to lessen the degree of infection (Kelly et al., 1997). During the early stages of HIV observation, Kelly et al., (1997) attributed the core concepts

Report on global marketing of Coca Cola

Questions: Soft drink case study: possible approaches International market research. The soft drinks organisation may start by defining the market research problem e.g. how do we identify the new soft drink consumers or what are the new trends in terms of lifestyle, health, fitness etc. This could be informed by considering what business decisions the organisation will have to make and mapping back from them e.g. what is the lowest cost soft drinks market to enter?The organisation will consider different sources of data collection and the role of quantitative/qualitative formats.An effective marketing information system is essential in this FMCG market. The organisation may be scanning for: emerging markets per capita spend on soft drinks purchasing behaviours around take away or on site/packaging preferences/cultural issues on tastes, drinking norms etc. strengths of competitors and substitutes e.g. tea, coffee, fruit juices etc. etc.A market research brief would be constructed to make the dat a collection and analysis cost effective and focused.Global marketing segmentation. The market research findings and the current marketing strategy should reveal the critical criteria for segmentation. This would cover geographical markets as well as local and global consumer profiles. Technical factors such as internet coverage and mobile phone penetration could be core segmentation criteria alongside Social factors such as levels of interest in health, fitness and lifestyle. A Brand Strategy may be emerging to coordinate marketing segmentation e.g. Coca Cola are dropping the price of Coke in India where it is not the top cola and attempting to make it a year round drink.Methods of entry. The nature of the product i.e. low price with high production and distribution costs may shape thinking around method of entry. Local production and supply chains may be unavoidable leading to join ventures and partnerships. Established food and drinks agencies may also offer cost effective entry to markets with food and drink regulations and high levels of competition and substitutes. Parallel marketing in conjunction with other established local organisations targeting the same consumer segments e.g. music, sport, fashion etc. may also contribute to a method of entry. 1. Effective and sustainable strategies are essential if a global organisation is to survive and grow in a changing environment. 2. Evaluate how the following factors would impact on the global strategies of the market leaders in the soft drinks industry namely Coca Cola, PepsiCo Cadbury Schweppes. The emergence of the new economic powerhouses The emergence of the new consumer The changing nature of competition Technological changes The emergence of global media. Answers: Introduction: It has been a common experience of all major global companies that the existing allure of the global markets is mesmerizing. Multinational companies that operate within the intensely competitive rather saturated markets at home countries are forced to expand themselves abroad. However, the decision of international expansion is not to be taken in a light mood. The organizational managers are required to convince themselves that the expansion decision would create value for the shareholders. This report aims at analyzing the given case study on global market and discussing two related statements. The first states that effective and sustainable strategies are essential if a global organization is to survive and grow in a changing environment (Banalieva and Dhanaraj, 2013). The second states that any global player must fully evaluate marketing opportunities before making their choice of which markets to enter. The report provides a deep insight into the case study of Coca Cola and reflects upon the global market strategies of the Company. Coca Cola is regarded as the topmost soft drink producing firm globally. It was initially founded by Dr John Pemberton, a famous pharmacist within Atlanta. The firm has been increasingly successful over last century. It even started its partnership with bottlers across the globe (Chang, 2012). As in case of one of the leading soft drink marketers, Coca Cola, the firm has been on a continuous attempt to adopt ever changing innovative strategies to survive the adverse conditions of market at times of crisis. With implementation of some of the greatest sustainable strategies in global marketing, Coca Cola has maintained its successful position within the soft drink industry. In terms of approaches to market entry, Coca Cola has been in the forefront too. It is famous for its marketing expertise (Chinomona and SibandaVaal, 2012). The key business strength of Coca Cola is its brand image. It has undertaken great efforts as well as effective strategy for creating wide-reputed brand. Rationale for International Expansion: Multinational companies like that of the soft drink industry embarks upon innovative expansion strategy for some reasons, namely, for improving the effectiveness of cost of their operations, for expanding into new markets for capturing new customers, and also for following global customers. As firms seek for growth in the new regions across the globe, they basically prioritize those countries that they aim at entering into. Since several markets seem appealing owing to their market size or lower cost of production, it is quite important for the companies to select and prioritize which countries to enter first and evaluate all advantages (Choi, 2010). For instance, some of the international markets may be small in size but their strategic complexity is much lower, and this may render them convenience in easy entrance to the markets. Often there are some regional differences in a particular country, and so it is better to conduct a careful investigation, planning, research, and formula tion of strategies before entering into any market. Source: (Moen et al., 2009) 1. With reference to the provide case study, the statement that effective and sustainable strategies are essential if a global organization is to survive and grow in a changing environment is completely compliable. It is true that for any organization the choice for an entry mode is important, but it does not necessarily guarantees its success. Post entrance strategies termed as growth strategies hold similar great significance (Chung and Wang, 2007). In the context of global environment and era of advancement, it is a natural process that firms operates on a continuous trial to keep doing innovative undertakings to surpass their competitors in the race of success. This constant change in the environment leads every business firm to adapt to the changing environment with effective and innovative strategies of development. The same holds true for soft drink industry which is even more vulnerable to strict competition (Delios and Henisz, n.d.). Leading marketers like Coca Cola, PepsiCo , etc compete with each other to acquire the largest market share. So, in order to operate in align to market conditions, firms are required adopt sustainable strategies to survive and also rule the market. Ansoff Growth Matrix This model suggests that firms can successfully grow the business with existing or new products in the existing or new markets. Market penetration strategy refers to the idea that firms are selling increased number of products in the existing market. This may be attained by either acquiring shares from competitors or by attracting new customers (Etgar and Rachman-Moore, 2010). The firm may even develop new products (product development) or targeting the existing market (segmentation). Diversification refers to the concept of entering new markets with new products. Companies As in case of one of the leading soft drink marketers, Coca Cola, the firm has been on a continuous attempt to adopt ever changing innovative strategies to survive the adverse conditions of market at times of crisis. With implementation of some of the greatest sustainable strategies in global marketing, Coca Cola has maintained its successful position within the soft drink industry. Some of the innovative strategies of Coca Cola have been the following: Innovative advertising to communicate The firm has utilized every possible media available to advertise its products along with its technological back up. Right from the use of radio in the early days, the Company has transformed every media to be its own platform to promote its products (Ghorbal-Blal, 2011). The Company has always been portraying itself as a refreshing as well as pleasurable drink. It has launched some of its own campaigns successfully. These include The Coke adds life and Have a coke and smile in 1970s, Coke is it! and Cant beat the feeling in 1980s, and finally always life and Open happiness in 2000s. The Company sponsors major sport events across the globe and even recruits top celebrities and sportsmen to endorse its brands. These celebrities as brand ambassadors add extra glamour to its already created brand image. Through internet facilities, the company has been promoting its products to millions of population across the globe. In terms of approaches to market entry, Coca Cola has been in the forefront too (Glsoy, zkanl and Lynch, 2012). It is famous for its marketing expertise. The key business strength of Coca Cola is its brand image. It has undertaken great efforts as well as effective strategy for creating wide-reputed brand Distribution: The distribution network of Coca Cola follows two strategies; first is direct selling and another is indirect selling. In case of direct selling, the firm supplies different products to retailers. They may be retail stores, multiplex, malls, restaurants, etc. This brings only a small portion of the revenue. However, most of the revenue comes from indirect selling. The Company engages into partnership with several distributor agencies(Lee, 2013). These distributors are supplied with company products, and they in turn deliver those to the retailers. Source: (Woodside, 2010) International Labor Relations Management Strategy: Prior to initiation of operations in any nation, a Company must determine the method they plan to staff their facilities. Three frameworks exist for a firm to staff international operations, namely ethnocentric, polycentric, and geocentric. The approach of ethnocentric is when people belonging to home company are charged with managing of operations in foreign lands. Polycentric approach is when local people of foreign lands manage operations(Mavondo, 2001). Finally, geocentric approach is when a firm selects its best people to incorporate functions. So, this can be an amalgamation of home, host country, and third party managers. The success of Coca Cola can be linked to the choice of geocentric staffing approach. International Diversification Strategy: This strategy entails some changes in the current products which serve towards expansion of its potential. It is different product development such that it creates new customers that expand the market capability of actual products. This is almost conducted by creation of new brands. All the product lines that are offered by Coca Cola are enjoyable drinks and maintain effective hydration. 2. With reference to the given case study, it has been rightly stated that any global player must completely evaluate marketing opportunities before making their choice of which markets to enter. This may be examined with one of the leading soft drink companies within the industry and that is Coca Cola (Moen et al., 2009). The company y is well aware that its major business decision in selecting any specific market relies upon three factors, namely, the process of international market research, global market segmentation, and the approaches of market entry. All the above mentioned factors are well managed by Coca Cola. The Company Coca Cola is well-known for its marketing expertise and also it is said to implement innovative marketing strategy which is responsible to lead to success of the company over a century. The Company understands the need to undertake effective market research before plunging into any business decision(Rhee, 2008). This is the reason the company conducts thorough market research and studies nationally as well as internationally to understand its current position and also to assess its future position in the market. Often, market personnel of Coca Cola reach out to the market themselves and collect information directly from their customers. This provides them with unbiased and raw data about their products and customer feedback. Market segmentation refers to the technique of portioning market in groups of potential customers having similar needs or attributes and also exhibit same buying behavior (Timmor and Zif, 2005). It aims at analyzing as well as understanding market, finding key opportunities and also developing competitive advantage to capitalize on all opportunities. Coca Cola is said to segment its customers as per the following conditions: Geographical condition The Company has segmented its global market based on varied geographies. Several divisions have been created across the globe and heads of each division report to the parent company. Each division is bestowed with lot of autonomy for running various operations (Vrcelj, Jur i and Zaki, 2013). Place of consumption The firm has been selecting specific locations such as multiplex, railway stations, restaurant, and also at homes. Different product sizes are available for different areas of selection. Demographics The Company selects demographic base for its segmentation as it selects as per the age groups and also income level to promote its products. Product type The Company is said to segment its products based on product type of those products that are bought by the customers (Woodside, 2010). The whole market is grouped into cola products and non cola products. Presently the cola products produce major revenues, but that of non cola products are also on a rise. Targeting Coca Cola Company is said to target various segments with its multi-facet ads. The Companys primary market is youth with age limit 10-25 years and 25-40 years are secondary market. The cola products are targeted to people who seek for strong flavor, whereas diet cola as well as other variants are preferred by the health conscious ones. It uses non cola products for targeting the health-oriented target groups of the market. In terms of approaches to market entry, Coca Cola has been in the forefront too. It is famous for its marketing expertise (Zarankin and Senatore, 2005). The key business strength of Coca Cola is its brand image. It has undertaken great efforts as well as effective strategy for creating wide-reputed brand. Some of the strategies that enabled the firm to attain competitive advantage amidst all its competitors are: Marketing branding strategy Brand reflects a promise of satisfaction and quality on behalf of a company. Coca Cola has utilized all its marketing resources for creating a strong brand for itself that has been successful in attracting brand loyal customers across the globe. This is nothing but the result of sustained market efforts. Besides usual advertisements in newspapers, television and bill boards, it laid emphasis on promoting its products on universities, organizations, institutions to result in enhanced sales revenues. Global cum local strategy The Company has utilized its capability to adopt such a strategy that is a perfect blend of central as well as local market functions for achieving optimum marketing as well as distribution efficiency (Vrontis and Sharp, 2003). With this, the company maintains a potentially strong brand across the globe with introduction of local elements within the marketing to ensure that product image is aligned to that of the local culture and flavors. Introducing new product The Company has always preferred accounting for customer preferences as well as designing products as per their choices and demands. This is achieved by the company by an internal approach whereby the firm takes a stock of the internal assets as well as expertise in producing something that the customers would buy. Producing new products is essential for firms to survive in the competitive market (Ghosh, 2010). The Company sponsors major sport events across the globe and even recruits top celebrities and sportsmen to endorse its brands. These celebrities as brand ambassadors add extra glamour to its already created brand image. Conclusion: From the detailed discussion on strategic management of multinational firms, it may be concluded that in the present scenario of ever rising competition in the global trends and environment, it is a natural phenomenon that these companies need to ensure that they adopt more and more innovative strategies in the changing environment to survive and also grow sustainably in the competitive environment. An instance that is highlighted in the report is from the soft drink industry. As referred to in the given case study, Coca Cola is one of the leading soft drink marketer that captures largest market share through its products and services. One of the greatest strengths of the firm has been its brand image that has been built by the firm over the last few decades with strong commitment and persistence (Enserink, 2008). Some of the effective strategies have been contributing factors in case of Coca Cola. Marketing as well as advertising have been two most significant operations of the firm . Innovative marketing approaches have been adding on its success right from the beginning. The Company understands the need to undertake effective market research before plunging into any business decision. This is the reason the company conducts thorough market research and studies nationally as well as internationally to understand its current position and also to assess its future position in the market. It aims at analyzing as well as understanding market, finding key opportunities and also developing competitive advantage to capitalize on all opportunities. References Banalieva, E. and Dhanaraj, C. (2013). Home-region orientation in international expansion strategies.J Int Bus Stud, 44(2), pp.89-116. Chang, B. (2012). Strategies of Post-entry Foreign Expansion: Speed-up or Slow-down?.International Business Research, 5(8). Chinomona, R. and SibandaVaal, D. (2012). When Global Expansion Meets Local Realities in Retailing: Carrefour's Glocal Strategies in Taiwan.IJBM, 8(1). Choi, Y. (2010). Toward Developing Marketing Strategies in Turbulent Environment.Journal of Global Academy of Marketing Science, 20(4), pp.279-280. Chung, H. and Wang, Z. (2007). Analysis of Marketing Standardization Strategies.Journal of Global Marketing, 20(1), pp.39-59. Delios, A. and Henisz, W. (n.d.). Political Hazards, Experience and Sequential Entry Strategies: The International Expansion of Japanese Firms, 1980-1998.SSRN Journal. Enserink, M. (2008). GLOBAL HEALTH: Malaria Drugs, the Coca-Cola Way.Science, 322(5905), pp.1174-1174. Etgar, M. and Rachman-Moore, D. (2010). Geographical Expansion by International Retailers: A Study of Proximate Markets and Global Expansion Strategies.Journal of Global Marketing, 23(1), pp.5-15. Ghorbal-Blal, I. (2011). The role of middle management in the execution of expansion strategies: The case of developers selection of hotel projects.International Journal of Hospitality Management, 30(2), pp.272-282. Ghosh, B. (2010). Looking through Coca-Cola: Global Icons and the Popular.Public Culture, 22(2), pp.333-368. Glsoy, T., zkanl, . and Lynch, R. (2012). Effective international expansion strategies of emerging countries: the strategies that helped Arelik.Management Research Review, 36(1), pp.4-32. Lee, H. (2013). Joint Global Expansion Strategies between Supply Chain Participants and Logistics Service Providers.International Journal of Advanced Logistics, 2(2), pp.55-68. Mavondo, F. (2001). Global Competitive Strategies in the New World Economy.International Marketing Review, 18(3), pp.355-359. Moen, ., Bolstad, A., Pedersen, V. and Baks, O. (2009). International Market Expansion Strategies for High-Tech Firms: Examining the Importance of Different Partner Selection Criteria when Forming Strategic Alliances.IJBM, 5(1). Rhee, J. (2008). International Expansion Strategies of Korean Venture Firms: Entry Mode Choice and Performance.Asian Bus Manage, 7(1), pp.95-114. Timmor, Y. and Zif, J. (2005). A Typology of Marketing Strategies for Export.Journal of Global Marketing, 18(3-4), pp.37-78. Vrcelj, N., Jur i, A. and Zaki, K. (2013). Usvajanje Generi kih Globalnih Poslovnih Strategija - Marketing Aspekt // Adoption Of Generic Global Business Strategies Marketing Aspect.    , 1(9). Vrontis, D. and Sharp, I. (2003). The Strategic Positioning of Coca-Cola in their Global Marketing Operation.The Marketing Review, 3(3), pp.289-309. Woodside, A. (2010). Key Success and Failure Paths in Fashion Marketing Strategies.Journal of Global Fashion Marketing, 1(1), pp.1-8. Zarankin, A. and Senatore, M. (2005). Archaeology in Antarctica: Nineteenth-Century Capitalism Expansion Strategies.International Journal of Historical Archaeology, 9(1), pp.43-56.

Subjectivity and Aspects of Contemporary Identity

According to Tracy Marafiote, the phrase individual is associated with three terms- self identity, subjectivity and agency- which are expressed as salient aspects of human being (2004, p.2). The degree to which different scholars stress or ignore subjectivity reveals perceptions of the person as an individual and vice versa.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Subjectivity and Aspects of Contemporary Identity specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Self or subjectivity focuses on the level of presence of a consistence, coherent and recognizable quintessence of an individual in all circumstances. The construct of subjectivity on the other hand represents a person’s social and historical status. It is a position that defines the basis of his knowledge and experience. It also usually deduces a positioning of an individual by outer social forces (Marafiote 2004, p.2). A major aspect of contemporary identity and modern vi ews of the individual is the idea of inwardness, the concept of our selves as beings with inner depths, and the connected notion that we are selves (Marafiote 2004, p.3). Linguistic constructionists generally oppose the notion that an individual has a subjective character. According to this school of thought, subjectivity is perceived as an attainment of relationship. Thus, subjectivity is perceived as an action that emanates from the social and historical situations and relations in which an individual (as subject) encounters. In this context, subjectivity is not an expression of some aspects of the person, but is generated via an individual’s social relations that provide signs as to the type of behaviours and actions deemed suitable or anticipated in a given social environment (Salgado and Hermans, 2005, p.5). In nutshell, the notion and apparent existence of the rationality of subjectivity constitutes a social construct (Marafiote 2004, p.4). Subjectivity on the other han d implies describing individuals as mainly influenced by social relations and other discursive actions. With respect to the notion of inter-subjective interdependency, Gergen (1994) attempts to alleviate a prospective situating of individuals as resolute subjects who are scarcely more than the passive aggregation of their interactions (p.215). The concept of subjectivity is borrowed from theories postulated by other scholars such as Mead and Goffman (Gergen 1994, p. 216). Shotter (1993) presents a slightly different idea. His form of alienating from a resolute subjectivity mirrors Gergen’s ideas.Advertising Looking for essay on social sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Shotter defines what emerges as a concession: an individual’s social identity is determined by the position of the subject, for example, a citizen of Chicago, Mary’s son or the local Member of Parliament. These positions generate a se nse of self or an identity and as a result turn in to the foundation of a person’s social individuality- where an individual is recognized in terms of their relations with others (Shotter 1993, p.175). Agency is defined by McNamee and Gergen (1999) as â€Å"the figure of a lone individual whose intentions, plans, understanding and control over actions apparently take place in a world without others† (p.71). McNamee and Gergen thus describe human agency in terms of relational responsibility; one that takes place within relational dialogue and action. It entails behaviours that sustain and promote types of interchange from which beneficial action itself is realized (McNamee and Gergen, 1999, p.18). Thus, what is emphasized here is a definition of agency that gives credence to an individual whose actions and intentions occur in a world where other people are present (Marafiote 2004, p.5). In Balanda: My Year in Arnhem Land, Mary Ellen presents her subjective, personal acc ount of her experience in Arnhem Land. Balanda is a good example of the recent developments in non-fiction work where an outsider, usually journalists, plunges themselves in a situation of which they posses negligible prior knowledge. Other similar works include Helen Garner’s examination of the legal system in Joe Cinque’s Consolation and the First Stone. However, Balanda emerges as the most outstanding non-fictional work. As Ellen stresses in the book’s title, the author’s note and other parts of the book, Balanda is merely a subjective, personal account of her experience living in Aboriginal communities (Review of Balanda 2007, p.1). Balanda is a phrase used by Aboriginals to describe non-Aboriginal people living among them.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Subjectivity and Aspects of Contemporary Identity specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The phrase clearly describes non-natives as outsiders, and Ellen’s decision to use it as the title of her book reflects the general notion of how she and other non-natives she interacted with during her stay in the Aboriginal communities, remained outsiders to that community (Reed n.d., p.3). During her 14 months stay in Arnhem Land, Ellen experienced a strong feeling of otherness in the community. This is mirrored in the way she employs the phrase Balanda as the title of her book. Her sense of alienation is extended to the non-indigenous members of the community. She discovers that several white people in Arnhem Land practise their own sub-cultures. According to her, they belong to diverse tribes and scarcely drift out of them. Due to her relative alienation, Ellen states that she became cautious with everyone, including white people, attempting not to sound too green, too urban and too green. She also did not try to assume too much space of the land of Aboriginal people. Ellen was surprised by the prevalence of middl e-aged white people in the community as guardians of Whitlam self-determination policy. Initially, Ellen anticipated working with social-justice oriented individuals of her own age. She envisaged that the community would have plenty of upright young adults, who like her, were drawn to this place by social ethics. Ellen’s experience with these white guardians offers one of Balanda’s most elementary insights: this trivial establishment had promoted a dependency attitude that sustained their ranks among Aboriginal communities. In particular, she noted that the white members in these communities used training as a tool to validate their existence on the grounds that they would be rendered irrelevant once their jobs were filled by Aboriginal people. As a result, Ellen explains that they protected indigenous people from employment and bureaucratic obligations (Review of Balanda 2007, p.2). As she reflected on her linguistic project, Ellen noted that the involvement of white linguists rendered Aborigine’s self-determination process irrelevant. As a result, a harmful communal dependency grew between Aboriginal people and Balandas. Ellen explains that in spite of these intentions, both cultures experienced negligible crossovers.Advertising Looking for essay on social sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More It appeared improbable that indigenous people would ever live like Balandas: become educated; get a 40 hour per week job; and supervise resources the Aboriginal way. Ellen’s subjectivity is depicted when she states that Aboriginals could not behave like Balandas because they were half humans, with no laws, religion, culture or basic understanding of what is important in life (Review of Balanda 2007, p.3). Ellen depicts the manner in which this dependency attitude is eked in the minds of Aboriginal people. She states that the natives made white settlers indispensable and had no plans to replace them from their administrative responsibilities. As she mounts her case, Ellen directs her attention on social issues such as alcohol abuse, over reliance on CDEP and domestic violence. The storyline trajectory she uses to describe these social issues stems from her life experience in Arnhem Land and the transformation in her attitude (subjectivity) on Aboriginal issues that takes place as a result. The strong and weak points of this book are illustrated by Ellen’s narrative strategy. At one point, she employs a subjective approach to drag readers along her down the rabbit hole encounters in Arnhem Land, although one can easily get bored as Ellen gives a detailed chronology of her daily activities in Arts Centre. To some degree, Ellen’s narrative approach enables her-as a relative stranger- to give a personal account on a number of social issues she comes across. There are also cases where she reveals her naivety regarding the same issues. For instance, when she visits Alice Springs on a field research trip, she is astonished to discover that some indigenous people are hired in influential positions in local organizations. This act reveals her lack of knowledge about the topography of Aboriginal affairs (Review of Balanda 2007, p.4). One of the painful points of Ellen’s experience in Arnhem Land occurs when she is scorned at for her outlooks a s a young woman, a southerner, and a foreigner. Ellen complains that her opinions are ignored although she had spent nearly one year in the community. She sarcastically describes the political system used in Aboriginal community, particularly on a person’s right to express his views. One other major observation about Ellen’s experience in Arnhem Land is the relational dimension that entails working with indigenous people. Normally, it requires dedication and time to create a relationship with Aboriginal people to be able to address social issues in the community. Ellen claims that she decided to leave Arnhem Land due to a sense of dejection regarding social issues such as domestic violence and alcohol abuse, in addition to the inability of the white community to take appropriate actions to improve Aboriginal lives. She connects her decision to leave the community to her criticism of the ability of the Balandas to maintain itself. Her subjectivity is manifested when she feels dejected by being unable to solve problems facing Aboriginals. She fails to realize that it is impossible for anyone, even her, to improve the wellbeing of the natives in less than one year (Review of Balanda 2007, p.6). Ultimately, Ellen employs caution while she explores the current status quo in Arnhem Land. She aspires to make both political and moral issues in rural Aboriginal communities more reachable to readers from a similar environment to herself. She is extremely cautious in foregrounding her subjective processes to avoid disparaging or romanticising the Aboriginal people she comes across. The main weakness in Balanda is Ellen’s lack of affinity with majority of indigenous and non-indigenous people in the community (Review of Balanda 2007, p.8). The major impression derived from this book is Ellen’s attempt to try to understand the community into which she encroaches and depicts herself as a well-meaning and socially dedicated Balanda from the south. However, only flickers of understanding materialize: to some levels, Ellen seems to acknowledge that she cannot make any lasting contribution. Her readers are also Balandas by implication because very little evidence exists to suggest that Ellen’s book is written for readers different from herself. Therefore, while Ellen recognizes her own opportunity and those enjoyed by other Balandas she interacts with in the community; this knowledge stays partials and does not include the question about her esteemed speaking position vis-à  -vis that of Balanda and the natives. She also fails to rise above the long-established Eurocentric perception that we need to help native people (Reed n.d., p.5). Ellen’s book is also quite suggestive at times; the title of her book Balanda is used to literally refer to the non-natives people in the community. The title is also used to describe Ellen and her encounters in the community as out of place, on a territory that she describes as Abo riginal. It also describes Ellen as a non-native because she is out of place, far away from Melbourne where she usually engages her friends in discourses about Aboriginal issues. Ellen’s position as a Balanda among the natives enables her to investigate the personal and philosophical issues that append to this position, as she discovers what it implies to be a Balanda. Ellen protracts the custom of positioning natives as being up north. This is shameful since her investigation of the exact connotation of being Balanda in Aboriginal community brought about some fascinating issues for discussions on cross cultural engagements (Reed n.d., p.6). Ellen is able to provide critical insights on self determination and her role (and white workers) which she describes as present day missionaries. However, she appears to have an affinity to extrapolate from her personal experiences, to a complete investigation of self-determination as unfeasible. This is a sweeping statement that differs from the experiences of scores of other Balandas living among native communities. Ellen fails to account the role of native people in successful implementation of self-determination programs among the indigenous communities. Therefore, self-determination is depicted as the dilemma, a dangerous sweeping statement in this ever rising conservative epoch. Ellen connects it to present discourses on welfare dependency and appears to regard the linkage as adequate in itself, devoid of any cross-examination of the utility of the Aboriginal dilemma (Reed n.d., p.7). Ellen describes social problems that are present in Aboriginal communities. These include domestic violence towards women, substance abuse by teenagers, illicit brews (grog) and institutionalized male aggression toward women. Readers are unable to understand how Aboriginal women in Australia struggle to define and present their personal responses to these issues. Ellen appears ignorant of the level to which the issue of speaking positions and domestic aggression towards Aboriginal women has been cross-examined. Also, the manner in which Balandas drink their illegal but secretly endorsed wines and spirits, which are delivered by the Darwin barge, reveals duplicity that encloses their being permitted. The consumption of grog by Balandas is exhibited as benign. This emphasize Ellen’s focus on drinking problem by Aborigines, which is utterly generalized, considering her fleeting denial of the typecast of the drunken no-hoper Aborigine as presented in the pages of her book (Reed n.d., p.8). Ellen feels literary out of place in indigenous communities. She later encounters a sexually threatening episode from Rodney, an Aboriginal man who demands sexual favours from her. Reader learn about this encounter when Ellen talks to Alice, one of her Balanda friends, about two Aboriginal men jailed, one for murdering his wife and the other for raping her own daughter. Ellen employs a subjective approach as she recou nts her encounter with Rodney. On one hand, she reveals her fear of every Aboriginal man she came across (because they all resembled Rodney). On the other hand, she feels embarrassed by her racist feeling. The book does not dwell further on Ellen’s fear of all Aboriginal male and what the encounter with Rodney reveals about her racist views. We learn later that Ellen experienced violence from her father which made her live in utter fear. However, she portrays her father’s violence as an isolated case while the Rodney’s case is perceived as a widespread problem connected to community-based hostility (Reed n.d., p.8). Ellen and her Balanda friends were invited to see an Aboriginal dancing ceremony. She saw some Aboriginal children taking drinks from bottles of Coke as they chatted in their language. Later on, she perceived this scene as a demonstration of all the problems experienced by the natives, the coke now seen as an emblem of the high prevalence of heart ai lments and diabetes, and drug abuse, resulting in premature deaths. The diverse analysis of this generalized scene mirrors the numerous ways in which Ellen’s views portrayed in Balanda stay quite dual, maybe as a result of the prevailing customs in Aboriginal communities where there is a clear line segregating Balandas and natives. Ellen states that segregation was brought about by foreignness because of the numerous dissimilarities between the natives and Balanda. This is aptly captured by Stuart Hall (1996) who notes that â€Å"identities are never unified and, in modern times, are increasingly fragmented and fractured† (p.4). As the book comes to an end, Ellen states that her one-year stay in Arnhem Land had altered her perception about the native. She explains further that she eventually viewed Aboriginals as human beings contrary to her earlier stereotypes of the spirituals perception. As she was departing, Ellen claims paradoxically that the Arnhem Land had made her feel at home because she turned into a better person living there. Ellen’s claims are nonetheless subjective because she was unable to find an apt way to summarize her stay in the community. Most of Ellen’s recounts are subjective and emerge from her personal point of view (Reed n.d., p.9). Reference Gergen, K. J. (1994) Realities and relationships: Soundings in social construction. Cambridge, Harvard University Press. Hall, S. (1996) Who needs ‘identity’? Questions of cultural identity. London, Sage Publishers. Marafiote, T. (2004) Selves, Subjects, and Agents: (Re) Positioning Agency with Self Identity and Subjectivity. Rocky Mountain Communication Review, 2, 1-17. McNamee, S., and Gergen, K. J. (1999) Relational responsibility: Resources for sustainable dialogue. London, Sage. Reed, L. (n.d.) Out of Place.  Retrieved from web Review of Balanda. (2007) Mary Ellen Jordan: My Year in Arnhem Land, Allen and Sydney, 2005. Available at:  https://elsew here.typepad.com/ . Salgado, J., and Hermans, J.M. (2005) The Return of Subjectivity: From a Multiplicity of Selves to the Dialogical Self. E-Journal of Applied Psychology, 1-13. Shotter, J. (1993) Cultural politics of everyday life: Social constructionism, rhetoric and knowing of the third kind. Toronto, University of Toronto Press. This essay on Subjectivity and Aspects of Contemporary Identity was written and submitted by user Bella M. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Customer Insight Research Paper

Customer Insight Research Paper Customer Insight Research Paper Introduction The aim of the interview of the interview was to find out some of the factors that motivate customers to choose online shopping and the factors that motivate other customers to opt for off-line sopping. The interview also sought to know and to establish the behavior patterns between the two groups of consumers, online and off-line shoppers. In the interview, customers started by identifying themselves either as online or offline shoppers, after which the interviewer asked them to describe the main reasons that motivate their mode of purchase, as well as their purchase patterns. The main reason of choosing questions aimed at identifying the motivation factors was to find out the differences between the two groups. For instance, a question such as; â€Å"why do you choose to buy products online?† was included in the interview questions because it gives the customer an opportunity to give a direct response that would give the interviewer a clear understanding of some of the factors. Analysis of Results The results of the online shoppers indicated that 45 percent of people in a highly competitive business environment would get out of the shops and make online payments at a discount of 2.5 percent. This shows that customers opting for online shopping and payment are enticed by the low price offers that retailers and wholesalers provide for such payments. The percentage increases to 60 percent for those customers who choose online shopping after getting a discount as high as 5 percent for all the purchases they make. Similarly, when retailers offer high discount rates which may reach 20 percent, only 13 percent of shoppers remain in selling stores to complete their purchases. These results are substantial evidence that online discounts are a motivating factor that influences the customers’ decision to purchase goods online. The survey also found out that the most common products bought online are electronics such as TVs, movies game items, laptops and audio equipment. However, many online shoppers showed little concern for home appliances such as fryers, kettles and vacuum cleaners. During the interview, the results also showed that show- rooming behavior is also significant feature that leaves many mortar and brick sellers with few offline customers. Many online customers reveled that show-rooming is anew habit that gives them an opportunity to compare prices from one store to another, just by the use of their mobile phones. Online customers also mentioned carrying out price comparisons from one in-store to another is more expensive compared to online stores. Online customers have changed their shopping to use the in-store premises as a step in their purchase processes, and not as the final point. Consumers decide to shop their household products because of instrumental reasons to achieve certain goals and because of experiential motives (Arnould Wallendorf, 1994, pp 486). However, in the interview, goal oriented customers tend to more common than experiential and instrumental oriented customers. Based on the interview, the interviewers employed 5 online and 5 offline groups and many online customers attributed their behavior to availability of information about the product, wide range of products and the opportunity to avoid unwanted contacts such as spouses or sales agents in the retail premises. The goal oriented online shopping gives rise to experiences that are too involving for customers (Batra Ahtola, 1999, pp 167), but which leads to little commitment to the buyers. Customers indicated that they buy online when they want, and have the convenience to abandon the shopping cart when they feel the products on sale are not pleasant. Whereas some customers ware more likely to explain their offline shopping rather than online shopping in experiential purposes, there was more experiential motivation for customers who choose to shop online than the offline shoppers. On the other hand, offline shoppers attribute their motivation to the social aspect and experiential benefits associated with visits to retail and wholesale in-stores. Many of these buyers describe online shopping as never enjoyable and sociable. They also described their liking for offline shopping as an opportunity to ask for a lot of information about the products they purchase. Others claimed that in- store purchases offers after sales services that many online stores were found to be lacking. Because of information security reasons (Citrin, Sprott, Silverman Stem, 2000, pp 298), some offline shoppers did indicate lack of trust that their card numbers and identification documents were safe if used to pay for goods online. A good number of off-line shoppers also indicated that the opportunity to bargain for good commodity prices motivates them to make purchases from in-store retailers since it enables them to save a lot of money. Another factor given by the offline shoppers for the dislike of online shopping is the difficulty experienced when inspecting a product or service that retailers sell online. This is attributed to internet shortcomings that do not enable a customer to employ other senses such a touch or taste, and consumers have to rely only on sight. Other offline customers dislike online shopping because of the fact that they have to wait for the product delivery, especially in cases of overseas shopping. Risks such as pilferage, perishable products and damage during transportation highly discourage some customers from shopping online (Chen Tan, 2004, pp 78). In this group of shoppers, the psychological risks are perceived to be more demotivating than even the financial risks. Thus, any initiatives by retailers to offer discounts on online goods and series does not some offline shoppers to change their shopping decisions. Customer behavior literature According to Foucault and Scheufele (2002, pp 411), in a study involving 1000 customers in the US, researchers used multiple hypothetical scenarios of showrooms of ten items with different prices to find out the behavior of online customers. The results showed that 44 percent of online customers used mobile phones to influence their purchase choices when purchasing goods online. The researchers also found out that when the price difference between the online and in-store products is more than 5 dollars, customers showed a preference for the online products. This is similar to the views given by online customers in the interviews conducted to understand consumer behavior for online shoppers. The US research further profiled their customers based on age and gender, and the outcome of the study indicated that young female shoppers made online purchases more frequently than any other age bracket. On the other hand, old male shoppers whose minimum age is 50 years came out as the group of shoppers who were easily swayed to make purchases offline in retail stores. Other customers who happened to get advice from sales agents were 12.5 percent likely to make purchases offline. The results of this study are similar to the outcome of the interviews conducted in the group survey, since many of the choices that a majority of shoppers made are similar in motive and influence. According to Wachman (2012, pp 14), people spent nearly 8 billion US dollars in December 2011 on goods bought 0onine despite the difficulty shopping experiences that are usually associated with the month of December. According to the Capgemini research, a business consultancy organization, people spent remarkable 68 billion US dollars online in the year 2011. This is an indication that the number f online shoppers is ever growing as people move from the conventional culture of in-store purchases. According to Graham (2012), in UK, online purchases account for 17 percent of the total retail business, and this predicted to increase with the growth in mobile technology. The number of retailers launching online stores is also growing at a remarkable rate. Other literature sources indicate that utilitarian or goal oriented shopping is understood to be rational, deliberate and efficient (Kelly, 1998, pp 45). Therefore, the online search provides the medium for this task because the costs associated with dramatically lower than in in-store search. Moreover, some shoppers prefer to carry out efficient searches on the online stores with remarkably few clicks of the computer to obtain the details they need. In line with the objectives of goal oriented online search, shoppers who employ internet services in their purchase tasks end up saving a lot of time. According to Modahl (2000, pp 67), some customers do not perceive online purchases to be shopping; rather they perceive it to be a â€Å"buying† experience. As well, other online shoppers believe that they only decide to buy products online when they are convinced that they need the particular product, which further describes online shopping to be attracting a majority of customers who have a planned activity. Some online shopping surveys indicated that offline shoppers are more impulsive than online shoppers, because of limited accessibility and convenience and the influence by sales people in retail stores. Unlike online shopping (Rayport, Sviokla, 1999, pp 89), offline shoppers are proud of the personal associations they establish with business owners, which can help them build loyalty. Such loyal customers have the advantage of accessing goods on credit, or on hire purchase agreements, a feature that online shoppers are denied. Other customers who enjoy using senses beyond the sense of sight are well placed to fulfill their pleasure by shopping online since in- store commodities provide them with the opportunity to touch, feel, smell or even taste some of the goods before they pay form them. As observed in the analysis of results in the section above, this was one of the reason some customers prefer getting goods from an in-store retail, as opposed to online stores. Some businesses perceive offline shopping to be appropriate over online shopping because it helps them manage the products that customers buy. For instance, as much a restaurant can employ online advertisement services, it cannot manage to serve its clients online (To, Liao Lin, 2007, pp 778). Similarly, an auto dealer may not be effective by leasing a car online, because of security and lease agreement procedures and requirements. Marketing strategy and recommendations In order to reap from the changes in consumer behavior, retailers have to be keen when designing their marketing techniques. A lot of focus should be on the provision of goods based on location and population features. As observed in the analysis of results, young female shoppers are most likely to spend more money shopping online than older male who are easily swayed by sales agents. Thus products which female consumers need to be marketed or sold online, while products meant for the old generation can be kept in in-retail premises. Many brands sold to the middle and low market ends continue to report poor sales results, while luxurious products that target high end customers are continuing to generate profits. This scenario is partly attributed to the spending behavior of consumers spending [patterns whereby middle and low income consumers are squeezed by inflation, while the wealthy are continuing to earn goo d income. In order to cope up with these market changes, retailers and wholesalers have to employ a wide range of marketing strategies that target each group of consumers in the market. E-retail business activities remain a significant component of the broad retail trend (Spiggle, 1994, pp 498), and marketers have to incorporate it in all the strategic company plans. Despite the reduction in consumers’ disposable income, online shopping continues to record impressive sales growth every year. In order to motivate a number of offline shoppers who are demotivated to shop online by psychological factors, retailers and companies need to implement appropriate initiatives that address the psychological concerns of such customers. Online grocery businesses are in the most sophisticated field, and to make the business efficient, they can give consumers the chance to choose the nearest collection and deliver points that enable consumers to access the products in reasonable time. Availability of storage facilities and frozen food is also a technique to see business people benefit from online ventures. It is worth noting that dealing with consumable goods such as drinks vegetables or fruits need a high standard of hygiene; thus, retailers need to ascertain the hygiene levels of the agents they appoint to distribute goods on the retailers’ behalf. By putting in place measures to encourage online shoppers develop loyalty in commodities and brands, organizations and companies need to incorporate information security protocols that will assure buyers of the safety of their bank accounts, and the need to trust the websites. Once customers are convinced that their details are safe, retailers will be able to provide for the needs of customers in order to attract other buyers.

Ecosystem toxic chemical threat Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Ecosystem toxic chemical threat - Research Paper Example The environment is vulnerable to dioxins. Plants, animals and human beings are all vulnerable to dioxins. Unlike animals, human beings do not appear to be susceptible to fatal effects of dioxin. In Vietnam, dioxin-based pesticides were sprayed in the 1970’s. Consequently, chronic and acute health effects were observed in military personnel as and in the population of Vietnam. Therefore, this environmental threat is both chronic and acute depending on the genetic makeup of the organism. The severity of potential exposure to dioxins ranges from cancer to noncancer effects. Some of the noncancer effects are endocrine disruption, neurological effects, suppression of the immune system and effects on reproductive and sexual development. 95% of human exposure comes from food especially dairy products, fish and eggs. This is because of dioxins bioaccumulate in body fat of higher organisms. This chemical threat is systemic because it affects all living organisms in the environment. The se threaten the well-being of human beings, rodents, aquatic life and vegetation. The presence of dioxins in vegetation is indicated by wilting or color change in leaves. The methods of eliminating dioxins in the environment are not highly effective. This is due to the complex nature of the dioxin structure. This structure is hard to break down making it difficult to eliminate it from the environmentÃ'Ž The activities that I undertake determine what environmental, chemical threats I contribute to the environment. For an example, driving a gasoline car leads to carbon emission, which is a threat to the environment. Carbon emission also occurs when burning firewood, which is detrimental to the environment. Burning firewood especially in the presence of chlorine leads to emission of dioxins which are chemical threats to the environment. In order to mitigate the threat of dioxins to the environment, institutions such as Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) should regulate dioxin emission by outlining rules that govern the disposal of waste

The impact of EU membership on Finland Research Paper

The impact of EU membership on Finland - Research Paper Example In the table above, it is clear that the main Exports as per the latest statistics in 2011 coming from Finland include; Mineral fuels, lubricants and related materials (75.53 %), animal and vegetable oils, waxes and fats (77.21% ) and manufactured goods classified by their materials used to make them (65.13 %). As it is stated, this trend follows the government’s initiatives to set aside more money and resources in the above sectors in general. Considering the case of vegetable and animal oils, fats and waxes, the increased exports can also be attributed to the effort by the farmers to employ modern practices when it comes to products such as agricultural machinery, modern inputs, improved seed and animal variety, and the use of chemical insecticides and fertilizers. The Chemical industry in Finland which has emerged as its largest industry sector has facilitated the large exports witnessed in lubricants, mineral fuels and manufactured goods as the industry produces a wide ran ge of products that are used by another industrial sector such as agriculture, oil products, paints, petrochemicals, plastics and environmental products. Finland’s manufacturing industry has been remarkable in the recent producing some of the best products in the market hence the large exports witnessed in the manufactured goods. Some of the notable manufactured goods include mobile phones by Nokia, paper products by Stora Enso, oil products by Neste Oil and cruise ships by Aker Finnnyards. Its exports have also been facilitated by its sophisticated financial

Freak Dancing Essay Example for Free

Freak Dancing Essay Freak dancing, the newest dance craze, is now posing problems around schools all around the nation. This sexually stimulating dance is definitely sending a negative message to both children and parents. Freak dancing is completely appalling and must be banned from all school-related activities immediately. Freak dancing, also called grinding, is getting out of hand. The sexual movements and body contact in the dance is promoting inappropriate behavior. This type of dancing is occurring in schools everywhere. Freak dancing has even spread to middle schools now. That is too young of and age to be dancing in such a sexual way. School is supposed to be a safe, nurturing environment that teaches kids to be respectful of each other. How in the world is freak dancing respectful when there are boys and girls are rubbing against each other? There are even girls who go around and freak dance with multiple boys. It doesn’t only promote sex, but prostitution too. This day and age in our society is when sex is the most prevalent, even more than the time of the Baby Boomers and freak dancing isn’t helping to reduce it. Freak dancing is the most suggestive type of dancing there is and it isn’t like only Lady Gaga does it. This suggestive dancing clearly has an impact on kids’ lives. If a kid sees many people freak dancing at a school dance then they will be tempted to do it just to fit in. As more and more kids dance this way it could eventually get worse and worse. Freak dancing is almost like sex, but with clothes on. Sex is already a problem in society today. As the generations have gone by, there has been more sex in a generation than the one before it. It’s a problem because it causes desire and lust which ultimately lead to rape, sexual abuse, and abortion. Freak dancing is a prevalent problem in society today and it is a must to eliminate it from schools to reduce influence of sexual behavior in a learning environment. The less Freak dancing there is, the less of a chance kids will be tempted to behave sexually.